由 的英文翻译

cause

due to

because of

by

follow

obey

reason

through

由 的中文句子和英文句子

游泳者两腿抽筋，不得不由他人救助出水。

The swimmer got cramp in his legs and had to be helped out of the water.


诊断结果由这种评价取得的结论

The opinion derived from such an evaluation.


厂家对合同投的标似乎较一般低得太多。成本节节升高，超出任何人的预料。由于该计划系五角大楼秘密预算所支付，很少人知悉问题的同情。

The manufacturers appear to have underbid the contracts by a wider margin than usual. Costs escalated beyond all expectations. And few were privy to the problems because the program was financed in the secret part of the Pentagon budget.


胞质皱缩通过渗透作用由于缺水引起的活植细胞或细菌的细胞质的皱缩或收缩，并与细胞壁分离

Shrinkage or contraction of the protoplasm away from the wall of a living plant or bacterial cell, caused by loss of water through osmosis.


坏官员，是由不投票的好市民选出来的。

Bad official is elected by good citizen who do not vote.


我们身不由己突然想跑.

We were seized by a sudden impulse to run.


我们爬上小丘的顶端，由此可以俯瞰城市。

We climbed to the top of the small elevation, from which we could look at the town.


啸声干扰一种由于诸如闪电等大气干扰而产生的音频电磁波，具有典型的逐渐减弱频率的特征，该频减引起了检波设备中调逐渐下降的啸声

An electromagnetic wave of audio frequency produced by atmospheric disturbances such as lightning, having a characteristically decreasing frequency responsible for a whistling sound of descending pitch in detection equipment.


在数据通信中，一种控制多点式或群集数据网络上终端的方法，其中每个终端均由计算机轮流询问，以确定它是否准备好接收或发送数据。数据传输只由计算机启动。

In data communications, a method of controlling terminals on a multi drop or clustered data network where each terminal is interrogated in turn by the computer to determine whether it is ready to receive or transmit data. Data transmission is only initiated by the computer.


这个纪录原先由谁保持？

Who previously held the record?